一步一步学Silverlight :数据与通信之WebClient

概述

Silverlight 2 Beta 1版本发布了,无论从Runtime还是Tools都给我们带来了很多的惊喜,如支持框架语言Visual Basic, Visual C#, IronRuby, IronPython,对JSON、Web Service、WCF以及Sockets的支持等一系列新的特性。《一步一步学Silverlight 2系列》文章带您快速进入Silverlight 2开发。

本文将介绍如何在Silverlight 2中使用Web Client进行通信。

简单示例

编写一个简单的示例,在该示例中,选择一本书籍之后,我们通过Web Client去查询书籍的价格,并显示出来,最终的效果如下:

TerryLee_Silverlight2_0059

编写界面布局,XAML如下:

<Grid Background="#46461F">    <Grid.RowDefinitions>        <RowDefinition Height="40"></RowDefinition>        <RowDefinition Height="*"></RowDefinition>        <RowDefinition Height="40"></RowDefinition>    </Grid.RowDefinitions>    <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>        <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition>    </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>    <Border Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" CornerRadius="15"            Width="240" Height="36"            Margin="20 0 0 0" HorizontalAlignment="Left">        <TextBlock Text="书籍列表" Foreground="White"                   HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Center"                   Margin="20 0 0 0"></TextBlock>    </Border>    <ListBox x:Name="Books" Grid.Row="1" Margin="40 10 10 10"             SelectionChanged="Books_SelectionChanged">        <ListBox.ItemTemplate>            <DataTemplate>                <StackPanel>                    <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" Height="32"></TextBlock>                </StackPanel>            </DataTemplate>        </ListBox.ItemTemplate>    </ListBox>    <Border Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" CornerRadius="15"            Width="240" Height="36" Background="Orange"            Margin="20 0 0 0" HorizontalAlignment="Left">        <TextBlock x:Name="lblPrice" Text="价格:" Foreground="White"                   HorizontalAlignment="Left" VerticalAlignment="Center"                   Margin="20 0 0 0"></TextBlock>    </Border></Grid>

为了模拟查询价格,我们编写一个HttpHandler,接收书籍的No,并返回价格:

public class BookHandler : IHttpHandler{    public static readonly string[] PriceList = new string[] {         "66.00",        "78.30",        "56.50",        "28.80",        "77.00"    };    public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context)    {        context.Response.ContentType = "text/plain";        context.Response.Write(PriceList[Int32.Parse(context.Request.QueryString["No"])]);    }    public bool IsReusable    {        get        {            return false;        }    }}

在界面加载时绑定书籍列表,关于数据绑定可以参考一步一步学Silverlight 2系列(11):数据绑定

void UserControl_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e){    List<Book> books = new List<Book>() {         new Book("Professional ASP.NET 3.5"),        new Book("ASP.NET AJAX In Action"),        new Book("Silverlight In Action"),        new Book("ASP.NET 3.5 Unleashed"),        new Book("Introducing Microsoft ASP.NET AJAX")    };    Books.ItemsSource = books;}

接下来当用户选择一本书籍时,需要通过Web Client去获取书籍的价格,在Silverlight 2中,所有的网络通信API都设计为了异步模式。在声明一个Web Client实例后,我们需要为它注册DownloadStringCompleted事件处理方法,在下载完成后将会被回调,然后再调用DownloadStringAsync方法开始下载。

void Books_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e){    Uri endpoint = new Uri(String.Format("http://localhost:49955/BookHandler.ashx?No={0}",Books.SelectedIndex));    WebClient client = new WebClient();    client.DownloadStringCompleted += new DownloadStringCompletedEventHandler(client_DownloadStringCompleted);    client.DownloadStringAsync(endpoint);}void client_DownloadStringCompleted(object sender, DownloadStringCompletedEventArgs e){    if (e.Error == null)    {        lblPrice.Text = "价格:" + e.Result;    }    else    {        lblPrice.Text = e.Error.Message;    }}

 

 

注意大家可以在Web Application Project的属性页中,把ASP.NET Development Server的端口号设置为一个固定的端口号:

TerryLee_Silverlight2_0060

最后完整的代码如下:

public partial class Page : UserControl{    public Page()    {        InitializeComponent();    }    void UserControl_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)    {        List<Book> books = new List<Book>() {             new Book("Professional ASP.NET 3.5"),            new Book("ASP.NET AJAX In Action"),            new Book("Silverlight In Action"),            new Book("ASP.NET 3.5 Unleashed"),            new Book("Introducing Microsoft ASP.NET AJAX")        };        Books.ItemsSource = books;    }    void Books_SelectionChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)    {        Uri endpoint = new Uri(String.Format("http://localhost:49955/BookHandler.ashx?No={0}",Books.SelectedIndex));        WebClient client = new WebClient();        client.DownloadStringCompleted += new DownloadStringCompletedEventHandler(client_DownloadStringCompleted);        client.DownloadStringAsync(endpoint);    }    void client_DownloadStringCompleted(object sender, DownloadStringCompletedEventArgs e)    {        if (e.Error == null)        {            lblPrice.Text = "价格:" + e.Result;        }        else        {            lblPrice.Text = e.Error.Message;        }    }}

运行后效果如下:

TerryLee_Silverlight2_0059

当我们选择其中一本书籍时,将会显示出它的价格:

TerryLee_Silverlight2_0061

结束语

本文简单介绍了Silverlight 2中使用Web Client进行通信的知识,在Silverlight 2中,提供的通信API非常丰富,后面将会介绍其他的方式。你可以从这里下载本文示例代码。

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